The DC motor is connected as load at the collector. This is not mandatory but it is good to include to reduce chances of accidental starting of the DC motor. For example, if you touch the base with your finger it could cause current into the base and the motor will rotate. A 10KOhm resistor is connected between the base of the transistor and ground to reduce unwanted current spikes into the base because the base is sensitive. You could use any PWM pin on the Arduino but it must be PWM digital pin. We have connected the Arduino PWM pin 10 to the base of the 2N2222 NPN transistor via 1kOhm resistor. The point is that, using transistor we can increase the current into the motor. Here we are using medium sized DC motor with voltage rating of 3V to 5V. You can learn more about using L293D IC in our earlier tutorial DC Motor Control using ATmega32 and L293D.
Arduino pwm motor code driver#
If your DC motor requires high current input, specially if the stall current is high, then you should probably use darlington transistor like TIP120(recommended) or motor driver IC like L293/L293D or L298. It depends upon the DC motor you are using. The Arduino UNO can supply current in the range from 20mA to 40mA which might not be enough for driving DC motors. In the schematic diagram as shown, we have used a general purpose transistor 2N2222 to drive the DC motor. Wiring diagram for Arduino PWM DC motor control The frequency of the PWM generated on the pin is 490Hz for pins 3, 9, 10 and 11 and 980Hz on pin 5 and 6 for Arduino UNO.įor this tutorial you will the followings:ĥ. For Arduino which is 8 bit microcontroller you can select PWM level(equivalently power) from 0 to 255.
When the digital pins are used as PWM, they appear to be transmitting signalling voltage between 1 and 0 because in case of PWM the switching happens very fast. Arduino Due and Arduino Mega have more PWMs pin which are on pins 2 to 13. But almost on all Arduinos, the PWM pins are 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. In Arduino most digital pin can also be used for PWM but not all, so you must first find out which pin do have PWM feature. But if you use PWM feature built into the microcontroller you can use the microcontroller processor to do other task.
Arduino pwm motor code software#
Using PWM has the advantage that, although you could write in software to send PWM pulses using digitalWrite() function and changing delay, this technique would tie up the processor time. In fact, PWM technique is so widely used to control DC motor that microcontrollers(not only Arduino or ATmega328p) have in-built PWM circuitry embedded in the chip. This increase or decrease in power supplied to the motor is what increases or decreases the speed of the DC motor. When such PWM signal(series of different width pulses) is supplied to a DC motor, we can increase or decrease the amount of power supplied to the motor. The act of changing the pulse width for low and high is called modulation.
PWM stands for Pulse Width Modulation and is a technique of generating signal with different width of high and low pulses.
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